Acute vs. Chronic Back Pain: What’s the Difference and Why It Matters

Back pain is something most of us experience at some point in life. For some, it’s a sudden twinge after lifting a heavy object. For others, it’s a dull ache that lingers for months. Despite how common it is, back pain isn’t always the same—and understanding whether your pain is acute or chronic plays a big role in how it’s treated and how quickly you can recover.

At Belconnen Physiotherapy, we work with individuals dealing with a wide range of back pain issues. One of the first things we help clarify is the type of pain you’re experiencing, so we can tailor a plan that works for your body and lifestyle. Let’s break down the difference between acute and chronic back pain, what causes each, and why getting the right approach matters.

What Is Acute Back Pain?

Acute back pain refers to pain that comes on suddenly and typically lasts less than six weeks. It’s usually caused by a specific event or movement, such as:

• Lifting something awkwardly

• A fall or sudden jolt

• Sleeping in an unusual position

• Overexertion during sport or exercise

The pain can range from mild discomfort to intense sharp pain, and may involve stiffness, muscle spasms, or difficulty standing or walking.

The good news? Most cases of acute back pain improve on their own or with some simple support like gentle movement, heat therapy, and guided exercises. In many cases, physiotherapy can help speed up recovery and reduce the chance of recurrence.

What Is Chronic Back Pain?

Chronic back pain lasts longer than 12 weeks, and often continues even after the initial injury or strain has healed. Sometimes the original cause is known, but in other cases, the pain continues without a clear source.

Common contributors to chronic back pain include:

• Repeated or unresolved strain from past injuries

• Postural issues

• Degenerative disc conditions or arthritis

• Stress and tension

• Reduced activity levels over time

Unlike acute pain, chronic pain often affects more than just the physical body. It can interfere with sleep, movement, mood, and energy levels. Many people living with chronic pain find that it fluctuates in intensity and may worsen with stress, inactivity, or prolonged sitting or standing.

Why Does the Difference Matter?

Knowing whether you’re dealing with acute or chronic back pain is key to choosing the right treatment path.

For Acute Back Pain:

The goal is to reduce inflammation, restore movement, and promote healing. We often recommend:

• Relative rest (not full bed rest!)

• Gentle stretches and movement

• Heat or cold therapy

• Gradual return to activity

• Hands-on techniques, if needed

Most people with acute back pain recover within a few weeks, especially when they keep moving and avoid over-protecting the area.

For Chronic Back Pain:

Treatment involves managing symptoms, improving movement, and addressing the root causes that may be contributing to ongoing discomfort. Chronic pain is often more complex and may benefit from:

• Strengthening and mobility programs

• Postural education

• Manual therapy

• Graded activity plans

• Support in managing flare-ups

• Education about how pain works, to reduce fear of movement

Because chronic back pain can affect mood and daily function, it’s also important to take a whole-person approach, focusing on movement, sleep, stress, and daily routines—not just the painful area.

When Should You Seek Physiotherapy?

You don’t have to wait for pain to become severe before getting help. In fact, the earlier you address it, the easier it is to manage. Consider physiotherapy if:

• You’ve had acute back pain that isn’t improving after a week or two

• You’re experiencing frequent flare-ups or stiffness

• Pain is affecting your work, sleep, or daily activities

• You’re unsure what’s causing your back discomfort

• You’re ready to build strength and move with more confidence

At Belconnen Physiotherapy, we take the time to understand what you’re dealing with and design a plan that’s built around your goals, lifestyle, and the type of back pain you’re experiencing.

Final Thoughts

Back pain doesn’t always follow the same path. Understanding whether your pain is acute or chronic can help you make informed decisions, avoid frustration, and get the right support.

If you’re currently dealing with back pain and not sure where to start, we’re here to help. A thoughtful, evidence-informed approach can make a big difference—whether your pain is new or something that’s been around a while.

Ready to move forward with less pain? Reach out to our team at Belconnen Physiotherapy and take that first step today.